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Writer's pictureSandy & Randy Harris

Episode 64: UCL Injuries in the Overhead Athlete - Anatomy, Risk Factors, And Interventions

Updated: Sep 20, 2021

Camp CL, Jahandar H, Sinatro AM, Imhauser CW, Altchek DW, Dines JS. Quantitative Anatomic Analysis of the Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Complex of the Elbow. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine. 2018;6(3):2325967118762751.


Cinque ME, Schickendantz M, Frangiamore S. Review of Anatomy of the Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Complex of the Elbow. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2020;13(1):96-102.


Corben JS, Cerrone SA, Soviero JE, Kwiecien SY, Nicholas SJ, McHugh MP. Performance Demands in Softball Pitching: A Comprehensive Muscle Fatigue Study. The American journal of sports medicine. 2015;43(8):2035-2041.


Devaney LL, Denegar CR, Thigpen CA, Lepley AS, Edgar C, DiStefano LJ. Preseason Neck Mobility Is Associated With Throwing-Related Shoulder and Elbow Injuries, Pain, and Disability in College Baseball Pitchers. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine. 2020;8(5):2325967120920556.


Frangiamore SJ, Moatshe G, Kruckeberg BM, et al. Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of the Dynamic and Static Stabilizers of the Medial Elbow: An Anatomic Study. The American journal of sports medicine. 2018;46(3):687-694.


Hoshika S, Nimura A, Takahashi N, Sugaya H, Akita K. Valgus stability is enhanced by flexor digitorum superficialis muscle contraction of the index and middle fingers. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research. 2020;15(1):121.


Hoshika S, Nimura A, Yamaguchi R, et al. Medial elbow anatomy: A paradigm shift for UCL injury prevention and management. Clin Anat. 2019;32(3):379-389.


Jackson TJ, Jarrell SE, Adamson GJ, Chung KC, Lee TQ. Biomechanical differences of the anterior and posterior bands of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. 2016;24(7):2319-2323.


Norton R, Honstad C, Joshi R, Silvis M, Chinchilli V, Dhawan A. Risk Factors for Elbow and Shoulder Injuries in Adolescent Baseball Players: A Systematic Review. The American journal of sports medicine. 2019;47(4):982-990.


Otoshi K, Kikuchi S, Shishido H, Konno S. The proximal origins of the flexor-pronator muscles and their role in the dynamic stabilization of the elbow joint: an anatomical study. Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA. 2014;36(3):289-294.


Pexa BS, Ryan ED, Myers JB. Medial Elbow Joint Space Increases With Valgus Stress and Decreases When Cued to Perform A Maximal Grip Contraction. The American journal of sports medicine. 2018;46(5):1114-1119.


Pozzi F, Plummer HA, Shanley E, et al. Preseason shoulder range of motion screening and in-season risk of shoulder and elbow injuries in overhead athletes: systematic review and meta-analysis. British journal of sports medicine. 2020.


Reiman MP, Walker MD, Peters S, Kilborn E, Thigpen CA, Garrigues GE. Risk factors for ulnar collateral ligament injury in professional and amateur baseball players: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 2019;28(1):186-195.


Remaley DT, Fincham B, McCullough B, et al. Surface Electromyography of the Forearm Musculature During the Windmill Softball Pitch. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine. 2015;3(1):2325967114566796.


Skillington SA, Brophy RH, Wright RW, Smith MV. Effect of Pitching Consecutive Days in Youth Fast-Pitch Softball Tournaments on Objective Shoulder Strength and Subjective Shoulder Symptoms. The American journal of sports medicine. 2017;45(6):1413-1419.


Udall JH, Fitzpatrick MJ, McGarry MH, Leba TB, Lee TQ. Effects of flexor-pronator muscle loading on valgus stability of the elbow with an intact, stretched, and resected medial ulnar collateral ligament. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 2009;18(5):773-778.


Whiteside D, Martini DN, Lepley AS, Zernicke RF, Goulet GC. Predictors of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Major League Baseball Pitchers. The American journal of sports medicine. 2016;44(9):2202-2209.


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